National Metrical Types in Nineteenth Century Art Songĭirectory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available William Rothstein’s article “National metrical types in music of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries†(2008 proposes a distinction between the metrical habits of 18th and early 19th century German music and those of Italian and French music of that period. Our results demonstrate 'silent' song storage in nightingales and point to a graded influence of the time and the social context of experience on subsequent vocal imitation. In addition, the performance of these song types was different (category (ii) > category (i)) and more pronounced than for category (iii) songs. In their second year, birds imitated song types from each category, including those from categories (i) and (ii) which they had failed to imitate before.
Our design allowed us to compare the performance of imitations from the following categories: (i) songs only experienced during the early tutoring (ii) songs experienced both during early tutoring and interactive playbacks and (iii) novel songs experienced only during the simulated interactions. The males had been exposed to songs, both as fledglings and later, during their first full song period in an interactive playback design. We examined this possibility in hand-reared nightingales during their second year. Such a 'silent' reservoir of song material could be used later in the bird's life, e.g. In studies of birdsong learning, imitation-based assays of stimulus memorization do not take into account that tutored song types may have been stored, but were not retrieved from memory.
Long-time storage of song types in birds: evidence from interactive playbacks.
0 kommentar(er)
